Code Mixing and Code Switching

Code

Code is a system that is used by people to communicate with each other, they have to chosen a particular.

1. Code Mixing is the change of one language to another within the same utterance or in the same oral/written text. It is a common phenomenon in societies in which two or more language are used, usually without a change of topic.

2. Code Switching is situation from one code to another( Suwito 1985: 68). Code switching not only occurs in the form of language change but also may happen in the change of the variant of language.

Kind of Code Mixing
a.  Inner code mixing
b.  Outer code mixing

Kind of Code Switching
a. Internal code switching
b. External code switching

Cause of Code Mixing and Code Switching
1. Talking about a particular topic
2. Expressing group identity
3. For prestige ( to soften or strengthen request or command)
4. To exclude other people when a comment is intended for only a limited audience
5. Rival in speaking
6. Time and place in speaking

Example of Code Mixing and Code Switching

Example 1
surat ini berisi permintaan borongan untuk memperbaiki kantor sebelah. saya sudah kenal dia. Orangnya baik, banyak relasi, dan tidak banyak mencari untung.  Lha saiki yen usahane pengin maju kudu wani ngono. ( sekarang jika usahanya ingin maju harus berani bertindak demikian)

Example 2
Vinod : mai to kuhungga ki yah one of the best novels of this year is.
(Saya akan mengatakan bahwa ini adalah novel terbaik tahun ini)
Mira: that's right.  It is decidedly one of the best novel of the year.
(Benar. Diputuskan novel itu memang novel terbaik tahun ini)

Example 3
P: I was surprised when I heard you speak bahasa Indonesia just now. I think you are the right person for the interview. Mudah mudahan tidak terlalu lama.  Bisa kita mulai sekarang?

R: well, boleh. Apa yang ingin dibaca.  Ibu tanyakan?

P: pertama tama saya ingin tahu a few details, nama, usia, alamat pekerjaan untuk kelengkapan data saya.

R: nama lengkap saya James Andrew Moloch,  saya berasal dari Australia , saya tinggal di jalan kiputih(dibaca keyputi)  menyewa rumah,  saya disana. Saya dsini hampir 2 tahun

P: your age?  Occupation?

R: oh,  saya lahir tahun tujuh dua. Saya bekerja di sebuah perusahaan multimedia, sebelumnya   saya bekerja di anak perusahaan Telkom sebagai konsultan. Lima Bulan saya sudah bekerja di perusahaan yang sekarang ini. Saya mengerjakan design animasi.

Conclusion

Code Switching is the mixing of words,  phrases and sentences from two distinct grammatical (,sub)  system across sentence boundaries within the same speech event.  Code mixing is the embedding of various linguistic unit such as affixes( bound morphemes)  word( unbound morphemes), phrase and clauses from a cooperative activity where the participants, in order to in infer what is intended, must reconcile what they hear with what they understand.

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Pidgin and Creole ( Sociolinguistics )

Pidgin is a language with no native speakers : it is no one's first language but is a contact language.

The origin of pidgin comes from colonialism trade and slavery. Pidgin language started to develop in areas where the colonists and trades come and settled.
Pidgin is a mix of local language with influence of English, french, portuguese, spanish, dutch,  Arabic, chinese,  etc.

At that time pidgin was the lingua franca for trading and a communication tool for slaves.
Have you ever heard of this expression "Long time no see" that is the simple example pidgin based on English. People understand it right way although The elaborate version of it is "it has been a long time that I have seen you.

Creole is often define as a pidgin that has become the first language of a new generation of speakers.
Pidgin can be creole cause it is need big structure or completed sentence.
The different between pidgin and creole are
Pidgin is no native speaker, while creole native speaker.
Pidgin is mixing of language and reduced grammar and vocabulary. Creole is mixed language associated with cultural and often racial mixture and have parents who use pidgin.

A pidgin language is a mixed language that enables limited communication between two groups that don’t share a common language. So that is the advantage.

The disadvantages are that the languages are limited, e.g. to trade, and that they have to be created over time.

Some languages that are referred to as pidgins are in fact creoles, which are full languages derived from pidgins. They are comparable to any other natural language in terms of pros and cons.

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Languange, Dialect, and Varities

1. Language is  the method of human communication either spoken or written,  consisting of the use of words  in a structured and conventional way.
Language varieties refers to the various forms of language triggered by social factors, language may changes from to region, from social status to another, from individual to individual and from situation to situation.

2. Dialects is the varieties of language characteristics of group of speaker.
Idiolects the speech variety of an individual speaker.

3. According to Hudson(1980: 24) varieties is a set of linguistic items with similar distribution. Ferguson (1971: 30) any body of human speech pattern which sufficiently homogeneous to be analyzed by available techniques of syncrhonic description and which has a sufficiently large repertory of elements or process with broad enough semantic scope to function in all normal context of communication.

Kind of dialect
1. Regional dialect, there may even be very distinctive local colorings in the language which you notice as you move  from one location to another.
2. Social dialect, the term dialect can also be used to describe difference in speech associated with various social groups if classes.

The question

1. What is the different of Dialect and Accent? (Shelvira Elsa Dwita)
Answer : Dialect is form of language that is spoken in a certain area. And accents is the way we pronounce word on the other hand dialect are local varieties of language.

2. How do we know where is the speaker origin, regional of people based on their dialect by using the same language?
(Nurul Fathia Salma)
Answer :  the dialect of region can be known based on the sound, pressure, the decress of the tone and the short length of the language sound referring on the a particular area.

3. How the distinguish slang and idiom?
(Fariza Azkiya Ali)
Answer : slang is a type of language that informal dam playful.  And idiom are expression that have meaning different from the dictionary definition of the individual words in the expression.

4. Do our dialect changes if we go abroad of 3 months?
(Ester Mayer)
Answer: it is depend on person. If the person can be adaptation fast, the dialect can be changes.

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