UTS SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Name : Shelvira Elsa Dwita

Nim: 1588203060 (VB)

1. What is sociolinguistics?

Answer: Sociolinguistics is the study of variation in Language, the way people use language in different social situations.

Sociolinguists also study about dialect, which is the regional, social, or ethnic variation of a language. Sociolinguists study many other issues as well. For instance, they often examine the values that hearers place on variations in language, the regulation of linguistic behavior, language standardization, and educational and governmental policies concerning language.

2. Why do we learn Sociolinguistics?

Answer: Because Sociolinguistics is part of linguistics, as we know linguistics is study of language. So that’s why we have to learn sociolinguistics. In sociolinguistics we learn about speech and society. For example in speech and society we learn about the way when talk like pronunciation, word choice,and grammar. And then we learn about dialects, actually we get dialect in naturally based on we live. Because dialects is varities of language characteristics of groups of speaker. And Idiolects is variation of language within a single speaker. So, we have to learn about sociolinguistics.

3. What is relation between Language and Society?

Answer: Language is tool when we communicate with the other. In the society we can not speak without language. At least we able to speak in one language like national language or mother tongue. Language performs various functions in the society and the society does the same way. If one will not exist, the other one will be affected.  So, language and society have a relation.

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4. Please mention and explain the branches of Linguistics!

Answer:  Linguistics is the science of language. It is the subject whose practitioners devote their energy to understanding why human language is the way it is. They study the history, acquisition, structure, and use of as many languages as possible.

Branch of Linguistics:

Phonetics is the field of linguistics that studies the sounds of language without of whether the sound has a function as a differentiator meaning or not. 
phonetics divided into 3 type:
1.Articulatory phonetics or physiological phonetics.
 how to learn the mechanism of human speech for the tools to work in producing the sounds of language, and how these sounds are classified.
2.Accoustic phonetic
 learning the sounds of language as a physical event or natural phenomena, sounds that investigated the vibration frequency, amplitude, instensitas, and timbre.
3.Auditory phonetics 
how to learn the mechanism of acceptance of the sounds of language by ear. 

Phonology is a study of systematic relationship between sounds,including contrast,positional variation,phonotactic,restrictions,and alternations.
Phonetics illusions and the mistakes of language learners clue us in to the necessity of a level of phonologycal knowledge more abstract than actual pronunciation . contrast and positional variation can be studied through phonemic analysis, which was a particular hallmark of a structualist approach. A phoneme is a unit of contrast (that is,a “family” of sounds that all “count as the same”). The allophones of a phoneme are the positional variants that make up the phoneme.

Morphology is the study of the minimal meaningful units of language. it studies the structure of the words,however from a semantics viewpoint rather than from the viewpoint  of sound. morphology is intimately related to syntax. for everything that is larger than a word is the domain of syntax.

Syntax is the study of the structure of sentences, the principles, both universal and language specific, that govern how words are assembled to yield grammatical sentences.

Syntax discussed about structure,function,categorized,and role of syntax,and then tools that use in build it. Units of syntax such as: word,phrase,clause,sentence and discouce.

Lexicology is the science / studies on the shape, the history and the meaning of words. whereas in Arabic, lexicology is called Ilm-Ma'ajim, namely the study of the ins and outs of the dictionary.
by language lexicology lexicon comes from the word that means: dictionary, the Qur'aan or the terms of a science. 

Semantics the study of the meaning of word and fixed word combination, and how these combine to form the meanings of the sentence.

Pragmatics the study of how uttenrances are used (litearaly, figuratively, or otherwise ) in communicative acts.

Discourse Analysis the analysis of language use in text ( spoken, written, or signed )

Applied Linguistics concerned with application of the concept in everyday life, including language teaching.

5. What is standard language? Giving an example!

Answer:  A standard language is a variety of language that is used by governments, in the media, in schools and for international communication. By using a standard language rather than a local variety. For example you will invariable reach a much wider aand audience.

6. Elaborating the Language, Dialect, amd Accent!

Answer:  Language is a tool to communicate with the other without language we can not speak. In language of course have a variety of  Dialect and Accent. Why? Because dialect is variety of language characteristics of groups of speakers. Or describes both a person’s accent and the grammatical features of the way that person talks. And how about Accent the way that particular person or group of people sound.  It’s the way somebody pronounces words, the musicality of their speech, etc.

7. Giving an example of formal language and informal language!

Answer: Informal : i can’t speak english well

                Formal   : i can not speak english well

                Informal : i don’t believe that the result are accurate

                Formal     : the result are not believed to be accurate

8. What aspect of Language, are sociolinguistics interested in?

Answer:  Sociolinguistics are interested in explaining why people speak differently in different social in different social context. And the effect of social factors such as social distance, social status, age, gender, and class. On language varieties  ( dialect, register, genre, etc ) and they are concerned with identifying the socual function of language and the way are used to convey social meanings.

9. When two or more people from different language met and tried to communicate, what should they do?

-Pidgin

-Creole

-Lingua Franca

Answer: .

They are use a Lingua Franca.  Lingua franca is a created common language that enables people who have no common native language to communicate with each other. This common language is either created from different languages or it adopts a dominant language. 

10. Why do people switch and mix a language?

Answer: Because the people want to say something in secret, want to look cool and smart,want to get something for example you want to buy something in the market, you don’t know about their language so thats why you have to mixing or switching.

11. Giving an example of code Mixing and code Switching!

Answer:

Code Mixing

A: Hi dude, where you wanna go?

B: I mau go to bioskop. You wanna join?

A: Oh, lanjut. Saya wanna ask sesuatu..

B: ya. What it is?

A: Tomorrow you datang kerumah I ya, I buat acara dirumah

B: Ok.. tomorrow i come to your house. I ajak my sister ya..

A: oke.. see you tommorow ya, jangan forget..

Code Switching

A: About our appointmentt on Thursday, i dont think i’d be able to see you then

B: Apakah ada masalah?

A: Its not big problem

B: Jika kamu tidak keberatan, saya ingin menjadwal ulang janji pertemuan kita

A: Sure, anytime you’re available

B: what if i move it to Monday?, are you busy then?

A: Tidak, hari Senin tidak apa-apa.

B: Great. I hope you dont mind with this changes of schedu;e.

A: Relax..no problem.