first of all give thanks to Allah SWT,my parent,and my friend that still loyal to visit my blog and give comment. and also thanks to Mr.Budianto Hamuddin M.esl that give me a satisfactory value ..thank you sir..
Ok guys,in this opportunity,i'm going to explain about Introduction to Literarure especially Prose..
Definition
of Prose
Prose is the
written equivalent of the spoken language. It is written in words, phrases, sentences,
paragraphs and chapters. It utilizes punctuation, grammar and vocabulary
to develop its message.
According
miriam webster
1.
The ordinary language people use in speaking or writing b : a
literary medium distinguished from poetry especially by its greater
irregularity and variety of rhythm and its closer correspondence to the
patterns of everyday speech
2.
A dull or ordinary style, quality, or condition
Prose is a kind of writing distinguished from poetry because of variations in
rhythm (rhythm), which has larger and more appropriate language with lexical
meaning.
Prose is the most typical form of written language, applying ordinary grammatical
structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure (as in
traditional poetry). The English word "prose" is derived from the
Latin prōsa, which literally translates as "straight-forward." While
there are critical debates on the construction of prose, its simplicity and
loosely defined structure has led to its adoption for the majority of spoken
dialogue, factual discourse as well as topical and fictional writing. It is
commonly used, for example, in literature, newspapers, magazines,
encyclopedias, broadcasting, film, history, philosophy, law and many other
forms of communication. Prose First Known Use: 14th century
History of english prose
Old english
prose begin with alfred who was seeking to re-establish learning in england
after the vikings.
·
The anglo saxon period 5th-11th
The amount
of surviving Old English prose is much greater than the
amount of poetry. Of the surviving prose, sermons and
Latin translations of religious works are the majority. Old English prose
first appears in the 9th century, and continues to be recorded through the 12th
century as the last generation of scribes, trained as boys in the standardised
West Saxon before the Conquest, died as old men.
·
Prose in medieval England 11th -16th
In the
Medieval period can be thought of as a "transitional" period between
the Anglo-Saxon and the Renaissance Period. Sometimes called the Middle Ages,
the term is used to indicate its position between the classical and modern world.
Unlike the previous period of the Anglo-Saxons, the Medieval period, however is
completely different. They differ in their languages, cultures, attitudes, and
more. Through the study of Medieval society and culture, one can understand the
literature written during this prosperous and interesting period in English
history.
·
The renaissance period early 16th –to late 17th
Prose was
easily the principal medium in the Elizabethan period, and, despite the
mid-century uncertainties over the language's weaknesses and strengths—whether
coined and imported words should be admitted; whether the structural modeling
of English prose on Latin writing was beneficial or, as Bacon would complain, a
pursuit of “choiceness of phrase” at the expense of “soundness of argument”—the
general attainment of prose writing was uniformly high, as is often manifested
in contexts not conventionally imaginative or “literary,” such as tracts,
pamphlets, and treatises. The obvious instance of such casual success is Richard
Hakluyt's Principal Navigations, Voyages, and Discoveries of the English Nation
(1589; expanded 1598–1600), a massive collection of travelers' tales, of which
some are highly accomplished narratives.
·
Romantic period early 19th
The French
Revolution prompted a fierce debate about social and political principles, a
debate conducted in impassioned and often eloquent polemical prose. Richard
Price's Discourse on the Love of Our Country (1789) was answered by Edmund
Burke's conservative Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)
· Victorian era 19th
Carlyle may
be said to have initiated Victorian literature with Sartor Resartus. He
continued thereafter to have a powerful effect on its development. The French
Revolution (1837), the book that made him famous, spoke very directly to this
consciously postrevolutionary age. On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in
History (1841) combined the Romantic idea of the genius with a further statement
of German transcendentalist philosophy, which Carlyle opposed to the
influential doctrines of empiricism and utilitarianism. Carlyle's political
writing, in Chartism (1839; dated 1840), Past and Present (1843), and the
splenetic Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850), inspired other writers to similar
“prophetic” denunciations of laissez-faire economics and utilitarian ethics.
The first importance of John Ruskin is as an art critic who, in Modern Painters
(5 vol., 1843–60), brought Romantic theory to the study of painting and forged
an appropriate prose for its expression. But in The Stones of Venice (3 vol.,
1851–53), Ruskin took the political medievalism of Carlyle's Past and Present
and gave it a poetic fullness and force.
Differences between old and modern prose
Old Prose longer have the forms as follows:
1) Tale, the
old literary form that contains the life stories of the gods, fairies, prince
or princess of the kingdom, and kings who have a life of extraordinary and
magical.
2) History
or tiambo, one long prose form that the contents of the story is taken from an
historical event that never happened.
3) Tales.
old literary form that tells of something extraordinary events and full
khavalan, about the gods, fairies, beautiful daughters, and so forth. Functions
must be fairy tales as an entertainer. Therefore, the fairy tale story also
called solace.
Modern prose
Prose is
just the glow of the new society. The works of prose produced by the new
Indonesian society began to be flexible and universal, written and illustrated
by lively and can be enjoyed by the wider public sphere. modern prose forms,
including the following:
1) Roman
contains the story of human life described as specific or detail. Based on its
contents, romance novels can be divided into historical, social romance,
romance the soul, romance tendencies.
2) Short
Story, is a short essay in the form of narrative. Short piece tells the full
human life dispute, touching or exciting, and contain an impression that is not
easily forgotten.
3) The novel,
which tells the imaginative essay on the intact side probematika human life or
a few figures.
4)
Autobiography, contains the story of the author's personal stories about
himself, about his life experiences from childhood until her adulthood.
5) Biography,
contains a story or a story about a person's life experiences from childhood to
adulthood, or even to death, written by someone else.
6) Essay,
essay in the form of criticism about a work of literature, art, or field
The following is a series of ten writing tips offered by
author Tracy Kidder and editor Richard Todd.
1. To write is to talk to strangers. You have to inspire
confidence, to seem and to be trustworthy.
2. It is always prudent to remember that one is not Tolstoy
or Dickens.
3. Don’t concentrate on technique, which can be the same as
concentrating on yourself. Give yourself to your story.
4. The reader wants to see you trying—not trying to impress,
but trying to get somewhere.
5. For a story to have a chance to live, it is essential
only that there be something at stake. A car chase is not required.
6. Try to attune yourself to the sound of your own writing.
If you can’t imagine yourself saying something aloud, then you probably
shouldn’t write it.
7. The creation of a style often begins with a negative
achievement. Only by rejecting what comes too easily can you clear a space for
yourself.
8. Use words wantonly and you disappear before your own
eyes. Use them well and you create yourself.
9. The best work is done when one’s eye is simply on the
work, not on its consequence, or on oneself. It is something done for its own
sake. It is, in Lewis Hyde’s term, a gift.
10. Be willing to surprise yourself.
ok guys,please give your comment . thankyou
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